Download Max’s Digital SAT Practice Test #2 Answers.pdf

QUESTION 1

Choice C is the best answer because it most logically completes the text’s discussion of the Perseverance rover's mission on Mars. In this context, “gathered” means collected and prepared for later analysis. The text suggests that, even though the Martian environment posed a challenge, Perseverance was able to secure soil samples for further study. This context implies that Perseverance successfully gathered samples of Martian soil.

Choice A is incorrect because in this context “consumed” implies use or depletion of resources. The text indicates that Perseverance secured samples of Mars soil for future analysis; it doesn’t suggest that the rover used or depleted the samples in any way. Choice B is incorrect because in this context “destroyed” means damaged or ruined. The text discusses Perseverance's objective of investigating signs of ancient life by securing soil samples, but doesn't suggest the rover damaged or ruined the samples. Choice D is incorrect because in this context “ignored” means disregarded or paid no attention to. The text indicates that Perseverance gathered soil samples for further analysis, but doesn't suggest that the rover disregarded the samples in any way.

QUESTION 2

Choice B is the best answer because it most logically completes the text’s discussion of the challenges faced in deep sea mining. In this context, “surmounted” means overcome or deal successfully with. The text suggests that despite the pressure and temperature challenges, autonomous underwater vehicles could potentially be used to extract resources, hence overcoming these challenges. This context implies that these obstacles might be surmounted using AUVs.

Choice A is incorrect because in this context “acknowledged” means recognized or accepted. The text implies that these challenges are already recognized, and discusses potential solutions rather than merely accepting the problems. Choice C is incorrect because in this context “publicized” means made widely known. The text discusses possible solutions for deep sea mining challenges, not making them widely known. Choice D is incorrect because in this context “simplified” means made easier to do or understand. The text discusses overcoming the challenges associated with deep sea mining rather than simplifying the process itself.

QUESTION 3

Choice C is the best answer because it most logically completes the text’s discussion of the work of marine biologists like Dr. Roberta Mancino. In this context, “studying” means observing and examining in detail. The text implies that despite the challenging conditions, marine biologists use technology to investigate the creatures of the deep sea, suggesting that they are studying these organisms. Choice A is incorrect because in this context “avoiding” means keeping away from or not doing something. The text indicates that marine biologists delve into the depths of the sea, they don't avoid it. Choice B is incorrect because in this context “ignoring” means paying no attention to. The text suggests that marine biologists investigate the deep sea, not that they ignore it.

QUESTION 4

Choice C) "inhibit" is the best answer because it most logically completes the text’s discussion of the economist's argument that excessive government regulations can hinder or restrict innovation and economic growth in small businesses.

Choice A) "stimulate" is incorrect because it implies the regulations encourage innovation and growth, which contradicts the economist's argument.

Choice B) "supplement" is incorrect as it suggests the regulations enhance or add to the innovation and economic growth, which is against the argument presented.

Choice D) "encourage" is incorrect as it suggests the regulations promote innovation and growth, which contradicts the argument put forth by the economist.

QUESTION 5

Choice B is the best answer because it most logically completes the text's discussion of the impact of ancient civilizations on the Amazon rainforest. In this context, "manipulated" would mean controlled or altered. The text discusses how ancient civilizations established sophisticated agriculture and created the rich soil known as terra preta, indicating that they changed or "manipulated" the landscape.

Choice A is incorrect because "neglected", meaning ignored or not cared for, does not fit the context. The text explains that ancient civilizations actually had a significant impact on the landscape, contrary to neglecting it.

Choice C is incorrect because "stabilized", implying made or held steady, does not fit the context. The text suggests that the ancient civilizations actively altered the landscape rather than merely maintaining its stability.

Choice D is incorrect because "minimized", meaning reduced or made smaller, does not accurately describe the actions of the ancient civilizations. The text indicates that these civilizations had a substantial and transformative effect on the landscape, which does not align with the concept of minimizing.

QUESTION 6

Choice B is the best answer because in this context, the word "without" is used to mean "without any" or "absent". When Frederick Douglass says "America reigns 'without' a rival", he means that there is no other nation that can match or rival America in terms of "revolting barbarity and shameless hypocrisy". Therefore, in this context, "without" most nearly means "absent" (Choice B), indicating that a rival or equal to America in these negative respects is absent or does not exist.

QUESTION 7

Choice C is the best answer.

In this particular context, when Louisa May Alcott uses the term "first", she is referring to the ranking of importance or priority. When she says she doesn't want the girls to consider money as the "first" of all gods, she means that she doesn't want them to see it as the most important or primary thing to value or "bow down before". Thus, the word "first" here most nearly means "foremost" (C), indicating the highest rank in terms of importance or value. It doesn't refer to being initial or at the beginning (A and D), nor does it imply being rudimentary or basic (B).

QUESTION 8

Choice D is the best answer.

In the context of Martin Luther King Jr.'s speech, "silent" is used to illustrate the concept of not expressing or voicing out one's opinion, especially about important issues. The phrase "Our lives begin to end the day we become 'silent' about things that matter" suggests that silence here is related to passivity or failure to stand up for what one believes in.

Therefore, "silent" in this context most nearly means "unvoiced" (Choice D), as it encapsulates the idea of not expressing or voicing one's stance or opinion. This fits with the overall theme of King's speech, which is often about the importance of taking action and speaking out against injustice.

QUESTION 9

Correct answer: D) It serves as a conclusion that underlines the main argument of the sociologist's claim.

Explanation: The last sentence ("After all, repeated exposure to false alarms can desensitize people to genuine threats.") in the text operates as a concluding remark to underline the main argument of the sociologist's claim. It warns of the potential consequences (i.e., desensitization to real threats) of the issue raised previously (the government issuing warnings based on speculations). It does not provide an example of government failures (option A), add unrelated information (option B), or provide a counterargument to the sociologist's claim (option C). Instead, it synthesizes and concludes the sociologist's argument against speculative warnings, making option D the best choice.

If you want the answer to be B ("It summarizes the main argument made by the sociologist"), the last sentence could be modified to something like:

"Thus, it is essential for the government to warn its citizens only when there are definitive results, not speculative ones, to maintain public trust and ensure the effectiveness of genuine warnings."

This sentence summarizes the sociologist's main argument by restating their contention that the government should issue warnings based on definitive evidence rather than speculations.

QUESTION 10

Correct Answer: A) They measured the dogs' heart rate and observed their behavior.

Explanation: The passage indicates that the researchers assessed the dogs' reactions by measuring the dogs' heartbeat and observing their behavior. Other options, such as recording the dogs' reactions to their owners' voices (option B), studying the dogs' interaction with the unscented object (option C), or observing the dogs' movements around the room when exposed to different scents (option D), are not supported by the text. Therefore, option A is the correct answer.

QUESTION 11

Correct Answer: A) The marigolds planted in the garden soil without eggshells had more flowers at the end of the experiment than the marigolds planted in the mixture of soil and eggshells.

Explanation: The researcher's hypothesis is that marigold plants grow better in slightly alkaline soil conditions. If the marigold plants grown in neutral soil (without eggshells) had more flowers at the end of the experiment, this finding contradicts the hypothesis and would directly weaken it. Options B, C, and D could potentially support the researcher's hypothesis or be unrelated to the main growth indicator in question - the number of flowers, making option A the correct answer.

QUESTION 12

Correct Answer: B) "She gave a hearty laugh at the clown's performance, but when she turned away, I noticed a frown quickly replacing her smile."

Explanation: The researcher's hypothesis is that the sister character in the story has a cheerful exterior but is inwardly unhappy or discontent. Quotation B most effectively illustrates this, showing her laughing at a performance but quickly frowning when she turns away - a clear demonstration of an outwardly cheerful demeanor hiding inward discontent. The other quotations could potentially illustrate the point, but they either focus more on frustration (A), fear (C), or general dissatisfaction (D) rather than a direct contrast between outward cheer and inward unhappiness. Therefore, option B is the correct answer.

QUESTION 13

Choice A is the best answer because it uses data from the table accurately to complete the text. The table lists the average ratings for investment decision factors that portfolio managers consider important, with government policy rated at 3.20. The last sentence of the text provides information about the various factors important to portfolio managers, first mentioning 'investor's risk tolerance' (3.15). The best completion of the sentence is the choice that accurately describes another factor important to portfolio managers, which the assertion that 'government policy' (3.20) was rated quite high provides.

Choice B is incorrect because it doesn’t reflect the context from the text. While product/service innovation is a factor listed in the table, the text is describing factors that involve attention to both individual investor profiles and other larger elements, such as broader economic policy, which is not directly represented by product/service innovation.

Choice C is incorrect because it doesn’t accurately reflect the context from the text. While competitors' performance is a factor listed in the table, the text is describing factors that involve attention to both individual investor profiles and other larger elements. The competitors' performance is more related to the market competition, not directly aligning with the text's context.

Choice D is incorrect because it doesn’t accurately reflect the context from the text. While interest rates are listed in the table, the text is describing factors that involve attention to both individual investor profiles and other larger elements. Interest rates, though they are economic indicators, are rated lower than the other options and do not align as directly with the context as 'government policy'.

QUESTION 14

Choice C is the best answer as it effectively illustrates the claim that fire is used as a symbol of both Frankenstein's enlightenment and his dangerous obsession. In the quotation, the "torrent of light" can be associated with the image of fire. The act of pouring light into the world reflects Frankenstein's enlightenment, or knowledge. However, his desire to "break through" the "ideal bounds" of life and death indicates his dangerous obsession.

Choice A is incorrect because while it might hint at the culmination of Frankenstein's obsession, it does not use fire or light as a symbol.

Choice B is incorrect as it does not specifically use the symbol of fire or light, nor does it significantly contribute to the understanding of Frankenstein's enlightenment or obsession.

Choice D, while it discusses the "spark of being," is less representative of the dual symbolism of fire - both as a force of enlightenment and dangerous obsession - than choice C is. It more so illustrates the act of creation rather than the symbolic implications.

Explanation: This quotation directly portrays Ethan Frome as a character deeply affected by his environment. It describes him as part of the melancholy landscape, an embodiment of its "frozen woe," which perfectly illustrates how his environment is oppressive and isolated. Furthermore, the phrase "with all that was warm and sentient in him fast bound below the surface" suggests Ethan's feelings and vitality are suppressed by this environment, adding to the sense of oppression.

While all the options are quotes from "Ethan Frome", options A, B, and D do not as directly tie Ethan's character to the oppressive and isolated environment. Option A describes his physical appearance but doesn't clearly link it to his environment. Option B provides a description of the environment without clearly connecting it to Ethan's character. Option D suggests the grimness of Ethan's situation but doesn't directly relate it to the influence of his environment.

QUESTION 15

In this case, option A supports the argument, demonstrating the plant's ability to differentiate between non-nutritious (3D-printed model of a bee) and nutritious stimuli. In contrast, options B, C, and D do not directly indicate the Venus flytrap's ability to discern between digestible and non-digestible items. Option B provides irrelevant information about other species, option C doesn't indicate any reaction related to digestion, and option D merely provides information about the energy expenditure of the plant but doesn't tie it to the plant's discernment of nutritional value in prey. Thus, they are less directly supportive of the hypothesis.

QUESTION 16

Answer: (B) "The coral bleaching and declining fish populations observed could have occurred naturally, even before significant human interference."

Explanation: This statement weakens the argument because it provides a possible explanation for the observed coral bleaching and declining fish populations that is not related to human activity, thus challenging the claim that these are indicators of human-induced damage. The other options do not directly challenge the argument or provide alternate explanations for the observations.

QUESTION 17

The correct answer is A) "many readers today might find Twain's satirical works less accessible than his adventure narratives."

Explanation: The preceding text contrasts the broad appeal of Twain's adventure narratives, such as "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer," with his satirical works, which require an understanding of the specific socio-political contexts of his time. Option A completes the text in a way that logically follows from this contrast, suggesting that Twain's satirical works may be less accessible to many contemporary readers compared to his adventure narratives.

QUESTION 18

The correct answer is D) "the parking management strategies of many cities should be revised to focus on implementing digital parking solutions rather than traditional parking meters."

Explanation: The text outlines the problem with traditional parking meters and posits that digital parking solutions can more effectively manage parking duration, thereby increasing parking space availability, which is crucial for revitalizing downtown areas. Thus, the most logical completion would be that cities should change their parking management strategies to focus on digital solutions, which aligns with the argument being made in the text.

QUESTION 19

Choice B is the best answer. The convention being tested is subject-verb agreement. The subject "Ghost signs" is referred to in a plural sense in this context, as indicated by the word "echoes." Thus, it agrees with the plural verb "are." Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they use singular verb forms, which do not agree in number with the plural context of the subject "Ghost signs."

QUESTION 20

Choice C is the best answer. The convention being tested is verb form and sentence structure. The verb "intersects" correctly completes the sentence, indicating a general action that occurs when the conditions described in the sentence are met. Choices A and B are incorrect because they use the infinitive form "to intersect" and the past participle "having intersected," respectively, both of which don't fit grammatically in the sentence. Choice D is incorrect because the present participle "intersecting" requires an auxiliary verb to complete its meaning, which isn't present in the sentence.

QUESTION 21

Choice D is the best answer. The convention being tested is verb tense. The modal verb "would" is used to refer to future actions from the perspective of the past, which aligns with the past tense context of the sentence. Choices A and C are incorrect because they don't match the past tense context of the sentence. Choice B is incorrect because it uses the future tense "will," which doesn't fit with the past tense narrative.

QUESTION 22

Choice D is the best answer. The convention being tested is coordination and sentence structure. The coordinating conjunction "but" correctly connects the two contrasting clauses in the sentence. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they either don't provide the necessary coordination between the two clauses or disrupt the sentence structure.

QUESTION 23

Choice B is the best answer. The convention being tested is pronoun-antecedent agreement. The singular pronoun "it" agrees in number with the singular antecedent "the nickname." Choice A is incorrect because the plural pronoun "them" doesn't agree in number with the singular antecedent "the nickname." Choice C is incorrect because the masculine pronoun "him" is inappropriate for the neutral antecedent "the nickname." Choice D is incorrect because the possessive pronoun "theirs" doesn't fit grammatically or contextually in the sentence.

QUESTION 24

Choice D is the best answer. The convention being tested is sentence structure and proper punctuation. The phrase "pillars, illuminate" correctly uses a comma to connect the noun "pillars" and the verb "illuminate". Choice A and B are incorrect because they change the intended meaning of the sentence and disrupt its grammatical structure by improperly using a comma and the verb form "illuminating" and "to illuminate" respectively. Choice C is incorrect because it omits the necessary comma to separate the noun and verb, disrupting the sentence structure.

QUESTION 25

Choice C is the best answer. The convention being tested is subject-verb agreement. The plural subject "penguins" agrees in number with the plural verb "keep". Choice A and D are incorrect because they use the passive voice, which isn't the best fit for this context. Choice B is incorrect because the verb form "is keeping" doesn't agree in number with the plural subject "penguins."

QUESTION 26

Choice A is the best answer. The convention being tested is sentence structure and proper use of punctuation. The use of an em dash in "them — is being performed today, but" properly separates and emphasizes the clause. Choices B and D are incorrect because they improperly use a comma instead of an em dash, leading to a run-on sentence. Choice C is incorrect because it uses the plural verb "are" which does not agree with the singular subject "the technique".

QUESTION 27

Choice D is the best answer. The convention being tested is sentence structure and proper use of punctuation. The comma in "blurred, urging" correctly separates the main clause from the participial phrase "urging us to reflect on the ethical implications of our creations." The participial phrase acts as an adjective, providing additional information about the potential consequences when the boundaries between human and artificial intelligence become blurred. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not correctly link the main clause to the modifying participial phrase.

QUESTION 28

Choice A is the best answer. The convention being tested is appropriate use of transition words. "However," is the correct choice because it introduces a contrast or contradiction to the preceding sentence. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they either don't provide the necessary contrast or don't fit logically with the information in the sentence.

QUESTION 29

Choice B is the best answer. The convention being tested is appropriate use of transition words. "Moreover," is correct because it introduces additional, supportive information to the preceding sentence. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they don't logically connect with the additional information that is given in the sentence.

QUESTION 30

Choice B is the best answer. The convention being tested is appropriate use of transition words. "As a result," is correct because it introduces the effect or outcome of the situation described in the preceding sentence. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they either don't provide the necessary cause-effect relationship or don't fit logically with the information in the sentence.

QUESTION 31

Choice B is the best answer. The convention being tested is the effective use of relevant information. This choice most effectively uses the information from the notes to underscore the longevity and purpose of Akulukjuk’s and Kigdluk’s endeavors. It specifically mentions that since 2010, Anya Akulukjuk and Nukaaka Kigdluk have been steadfast in their mission to preserve Inuit culture through the establishments of their respective cultural centers.

Choice A is incorrect because while it mentions the thousand-year-old Inuit culture and the cultural centers, it does not specifically address Akulukjuk’s and Kigdluk’s long-term efforts to conserve Inuit culture.

Choice C is incorrect because while it does mention Akulukjuk and Kigdluk and their cultural centers, it does not specify the time frame of their endeavors, failing to highlight the longevity of their efforts.

Choice D is incorrect because although it mentions the thousand years of Arctic living, it does not stress the continuous efforts of Akulukjuk and Kigdluk from 2010 to the present, thus not adequately emphasizing the longevity of their endeavors.

QUESTION 32 Choice A is the best answer. The convention being tested is the effective use of relevant information. This choice most effectively uses information from the notes to describe the water clock to an audience unfamiliar with Jang Yeong-sil. It specifically identifies the water clock by its name, the Jagyeokru, notes its significance as a "significant advancement in time-keeping," attributes it to Jang Yeong-sil, and states where a replica can be viewed, which is at the Urimil Observatory.

Choice B is incorrect because it does not mention the water clock at all, which is the main focus as the student wants to describe the water clock to an audience.

Choice C is incorrect because, while it does mention the water clock, it does not detail its significance or where a replica can be seen.

Choice D is incorrect because, although it does mention the water clock and where it can be viewed, it fails to note its significance as an advancement in measuring time and does not provide its specific name, the Jagyeokru.

QUESTION 33 Choice B is the best answer. The convention being tested is the effective use of relevant information. This choice specifically mentions the advantage of carbon nanotubes over silicon-based semiconductors, in that they are "extremely small" and can "conduct electricity more efficiently," thereby potentially improving "the efficiency and miniaturization of semiconductors beyond the limitations of silicon-based materials."

Choice A is incorrect because it does not mention any specific advantage of carbon nanotubes; it only states that they "could replace" silicon-based semiconductors.

Choice C is incorrect because it only states that IBM Research is looking into carbon nanotubes as an alternative to silicon in transistor design, without specifying any advantages of this alternative.

Choice D is incorrect because it does not provide any specific advantages of carbon nanotubes; it only states that both silicon and carbon nanotubes can be used to create semiconductors, without indicating why one might be preferred over the other.

Module 2

QUESTION 34

Choice B, "vibrant," is the best answer because it most logically completes the text’s discussion of Venice in the 14th century. As used in this context, "vibrant" refers to the lively and bustling nature of the city. The phrase "significant player in the Mediterranean region" and "evolution into a center of trade and culture" indicate that Venice was more than a passive or dull city, making "vibrant" the best fit.

Choice A, "periphery," is incorrect as it would imply that Venice was at the margins of trade and culture, which contradicts the text's statement of it being a significant player. Choice C, "volcanic," is incorrect as it typically refers to geological activity and doesn't fit logically into the discussion of trade and culture. Choice D, "nocturnal," is incorrect as it describes something active during the night and doesn't provide a logical completion to the text.

QUESTION 35

Choice B, "utilized," is the best answer as it logically completes the text’s discussion of the use of the COBOL language. In this context, "utilized" means to put to practical use or advantage. This aligns with the information about COBOL being designed to be English-like and user-friendly.

Choice A, "fossilized," is incorrect because it implies something antiquated or outdated, which contradicts the text's description of COBOL's widespread use. Choice C, "illuminated," is incorrect as it suggests a physical or metaphorical light being cast on something and doesn't fit logically in this context. Choice D, "contested," is incorrect as it implies dispute or argument, which is not indicated by the text.

QUESTION 36

Choice C, "intricate," is the best answer because it most logically completes the text’s discussion of Galileo's observations. As used in this context, "intricate" means complex and detailed, aligning with the detailed observations that Galileo made of celestial bodies.

Choice A, "rectangular," is incorrect as it describes a shape and doesn't make sense in the context of Galileo's observations. Choice B, "simplistic," is incorrect as it implies something is overly simplified or reduced in complexity, contradicting the detailed observations made by Galileo. Choice D, "amphibious," is incorrect as it describes something suited for both land and water, which doesn't fit into the discussion of celestial bodies.

QUESTION 37

Choice B, "preserve," is the best answer because it logically completes the text’s discussion of the weavers' practices. In this context, "preserve" means to maintain in its original or existing state, which aligns with the weavers maintaining age-old techniques.

Choice A, "ignite," is incorrect as it suggests sparking or starting something new, not maintaining traditional techniques. Choice C, "evaporate," is incorrect as it implies disappearance or fading, which contradicts the text's depiction of tradition preservation. Choice D, "levitate," is incorrect as it refers to rising or hovering in the air, which doesn't provide a logical completion to the text.

QUESTION 38

Choice B, "theorized," is the best answer because it most logically completes the text’s discussion of the potential impact of digital campaigning on modern politics. In this context, "theorized" means to form a theory or hypothesis about something.

Choice A, "frolicked," is incorrect as it implies playful behavior and doesn't make sense in the context of political analysis. Choice C, "photosynthesized," is incorrect as it refers to a biological process and doesn't fit logically in the context of political science. Choice D, "landscaped," is incorrect as it typically refers to modifying the visible features of an area of land, which doesn't fit the context of the text.

QUESTION 39

Choice C, "dearth," is the best answer because it most logically completes the text’s discussion about the current state of research into the impact of microplastics on freshwater ecosystems. "Dearth" means a scarcity or lack of something, which fits the context of there being insufficient research in this area.

Choice A, "nebula," is incorrect as it refers to a cloud of gas and dust in outer space, which doesn't provide a logical completion to the text. Choice B, "proliferation," is incorrect as it implies a rapid and often excessive increase or spread, which contradicts the text's statement about a lack of research. Choice D, "sustainability," is incorrect as it refers to the ability to maintain at a certain rate or level and doesn't fit logically in the context of research scarcity.

QUESTION 40

Choice B, "engineer," is the best answer because it most logically completes the text’s discussion of the capabilities of an advanced civilization in relation to wormholes. To "engineer" something is to design or build it, which would make sense if a civilization were advanced enough to create or harness wormholes for space travel.

Choice A, "ignore," is incorrect because it implies neglect or disregard, which doesn't make sense in the context of an advanced civilization interacting with wormholes. Choice C, "denounce," is incorrect as it implies public condemnation or criticism, which doesn't fit logically in the context of an advanced civilization's potential use of wormholes. Choice D, "misinterpret," is incorrect as it suggests a misunderstanding or incorrect interpretation, which contradicts the text's depiction of an advanced civilization's potential capabilities.

QUESTION 41

Choice B, "enthusiasm for," is the best answer because it most logically completes the text’s discussion of Richard Powers' portrayal of the natural world in The Overstory. The details provided in the sentence, such as "acknowledging the crucial role of trees," "expressing profound admiration for their biological complexity and longevity," and "depicting the human negligence toward nature as a significant detriment to our own survival" all indicate a strong, positive interest in and concern for the natural world, which aligns with the meaning of "enthusiasm."

Choice A, "detachment from," is incorrect because the phrase suggests a lack of interest or emotional involvement, which contradicts the text's description of Powers' intense engagement with the natural world. Choice C, "criticism of," is incorrect because the text doesn't suggest that Powers criticizes the natural world; rather, he criticizes human negligence toward nature. Choice D, "apprehension about," is incorrect because it implies worry or fear, and while Powers expresses concern about human behavior towards nature, the text does not suggest he feels uneasy or fearful about the natural world itself.

QUESTION 42

Choice D is the best answer because the text clearly states that Jane possesses "resilience and strength of spirit" and is "deeply principled." This means she demonstrates resilience and remains true to her principles.

Choice A is incorrect because the text mentions that Jane "maintains her sense of self-worth," which suggests she does not struggle with self-esteem due to her upbringing. Choice B is incorrect as the text indicates that Jane defies "societal expectations," implying she is not submissive to Victorian societal norms. Choice C is incorrect because the text explicitly states that Jane "never lets her circumstances define her," meaning she does not allow her circumstances to influence her self-perception.

QUESTION 43

Choice B is the best answer because it directly states that it's less valuable to analyze each of Twain's works in isolation, reflecting the student's claim that some scholars evaluate Twain based on his influence on literary realism rather than examining his individual works.

Choice A is incorrect because it provides a general statement about Twain's novels without focusing on the criticism of not examining his individual works. Choice C is incorrect because it comments on Twain's consistent writing style but doesn't address the criticism mentioned. Choice D is incorrect because it highlights Twain's narrative techniques without referencing the focus on literary realism over individual works.

QUESTION 44

Choice B is the best answer because Holt and Espinoza's primary criticism of Bellini's work is that her conclusions "rely too heavily on specific phonetic shifts." This suggests they view her conclusion as flawed due to an over-reliance on these shifts without considering other factors.

Choice A is incorrect because Holt and Espinoza criticize Bellini's conclusions, not praise them as groundbreaking. Choice C is incorrect because, while Holt and Espinoza stress the need to consider various factors, they don't specifically label Bellini's conclusions as inconclusive. Choice D is incorrect because they do not describe Bellini's perspective as innovative; instead, they critique her methodology.

QUESTION 45

Choice B is the best answer because it presents a factor (warfare or disease) that, if true, would challenge Dr. Johnson's argument that deforestation was the primary reason for the Mayan civilization's collapse.

Choice A is incorrect because it provides a reason for ongoing deforestation but doesn't directly challenge Dr. Johnson's link between deforestation and societal collapse. Choice C is incorrect because, while it suggests modern societies are taking steps to mitigate deforestation, it doesn't directly challenge the cause-and-effect relationship proposed by Dr. Johnson. Choice D is incorrect because it doesn't directly challenge the idea that deforestation can lead to societal collapse; it merely states that some societies aren't contributing significantly to deforestation.

QUESTION 46

Choice A is the best answer because it provides a direct comparison between countries with high access to clean water and their corresponding high average life expectancies to a country with low access and a lower life expectancy. The table clearly shows that the United Kingdom and Japan, both of which have nearly 100% access to clean water, have average life expectancies of 81 and 84 years respectively. On the other hand, Chad, which only has 48% of its population with access to clean water, has an average life expectancy of 53 years. This supports the experts' claim of a correlation between access to clean water and life expectancy.

Choice B is incorrect because, while it highlights a difference in life expectancy and access to clean water between Brazil and India, it doesn't provide a clear correlation consistent with the experts' claim. Both countries have relatively high access to clean water (92% and 88% respectively), yet their life expectancies have a noticeable difference. This comparison alone does not sufficiently back the claim that increased access to clean water improves life expectancy.

Choice C is incorrect as it solely focuses on Japan and doesn't provide a comparative analysis with other countries. While it is true that Japan has the highest life expectancy and 100% access to clean water, the choice doesn't establish the correlation between the two factors across multiple countries.

Choice D, although accurate in stating that Chad has the lowest life expectancy and access to clean water among the listed countries, does not provide a broader comparative analysis. This choice only considers the lower end of the spectrum and does not provide sufficient evidence to support the experts' claim about the relationship between access to clean water and life expectancy.

QUESTION 47

Choice C is the best answer.

Choice A discusses the consumption difference between tea and soft drinks, which isn't directly tied to the morning routine.

Choice B compares the net changes of tea and soft drinks. Soft drinks aren't associated with mornings, so this doesn't directly address the shift in morning routines.

Choice C highlights the rising trend in coffee consumption, which is directly related to mornings, and contrasts it with the decline in tea consumption. This choice offers the most direct evidence of a shift in morning routines based on the increasing preference for coffee over tea.

Choice D solely focuses on tea's consumption trend, but doesn't offer any comparison with coffee, the beverage associated with mornings.

Given this context, Choice C is still the most effective choice to complete the text as it contrasts the consumption trends of coffee, associated with mornings, and tea. This contrast best supports the potential shift in morning routines in Thailand.

Therefore, Choice C remains the best answer.

QUESTION 48

Choice D is the best answer because it undermines the conclusion that strong fragrances interfere with one's ability to distinguish music tracks. If the same group of individuals couldn't detect differences in music tracks even without fragrances a week later, it suggests that the fragrances might not have been the primary factor affecting their perception.

Choice A is irrelevant to the conclusion about the impact of fragrances on music perception. Choice B strengthens the conclusion rather than undermining it. Choice C states an obvious fact without directly challenging the conclusion.

QUESTION 49

Choice A is the best answer. Given that the study did not account for wind speed and direction, which can impact the flight of the butterflies, the findings may not provide a comprehensive understanding of all the factors influencing the monarch butterfly's migratory patterns.

Choice B is incorrect because the study did not confirm that temperature is the only factor affecting the migratory patterns; it simply did not account for other factors like wind speed and direction. Choice C is incorrect because the study did not specifically suggest that wind speed and direction have no impact; it just didn't account for them. Choice D is incorrect because the study's oversight means it cannot definitively indicate that monarch butterflies prefer warmer temperatures irrespective of other environmental factors.

QUESTION 50

Choice C is the best answer because it directly addresses the concern of the destruction of the flower's natural habitat and the endangerment of other species. By introducing strict regulations to limit the number of flowers harvested, the commercialization can be controlled to minimize ecological damage.

Choice A, while valuable, does not directly address the immediate threat of commercial harvesting. Choice B contradicts the need for a responsible approach. Choice D, while potentially helpful, does not directly control the harvesting process.

QUESTION 51

Choice D "most farmers are unaware of the effects of pesticides on bee populations." is the best answer. Given the premise that farmers rely on bees for pollination and wouldn't willingly harm them, it logically follows that they might be using pesticides without being fully aware of their detrimental effects on bee populations.

Choice A is a potential outcome but doesn't directly address the contradiction presented in the argument. Choice B, while a valid point in other contexts, doesn't fit as well in this revised context as the premise already states pesticides as the cause. Choice C is a broader statement that doesn't directly address the farmers' actions.

QUESTION 52

Choice B "Their" is the correct answer. The subject "Castles" is plural, so the possessive pronoun referring to it should also be plural. "Their" correctly refers back to "Castles."

QUESTION 53

Choice D "around, it" is the best answer. The conjunction "although" at the beginning of the sentence already provides the contrast, and the comma after "around" correctly separates the two clauses.

QUESTION 54

Choice A "surface, a material" is the correct answer. The comma is needed to set off the additional information about the ammonium-rich clay, and "a material" correctly introduces the specific characteristic of the clay that distinguishes it from asteroid fragments.

QUESTION 55

Choice D "made" is the correct answer. The simple past tense "made" fits the context of the sentence and provides a clear and concise action that Samantha took.

QUESTION 56

Choice C "discussion but also" is the correct answer. The phrase "not only... but also" is a correlative conjunction that pairs two ideas together, showing contrast between them.
Since the conjunction does not join two clauses, a comma is not needed in front of “but.”

QUESTION 57

Choice D is the best answer. The convention being tested is punctuation use for parenthetical information. In this choice, the em dash is used correctly to set off additional information or clarification within the sentence. The part between the dashes—typically prone to moisture and discomfort—provides more information about the basement, and thus using the em dashes is appropriate in this context to offset the information.

Choice A is incorrect because it does not use punctuation to set off the additional information. This leads to a confusing and grammatically incorrect sentence structure.

Choice B is incorrect because it uses a comma to start the additional information but does not use any punctuation to close it. This creates an imbalance in the sentence and leaves the reader waiting for the continuation after "discomfort," leading to confusion.

Choice C is incorrect because it uses a semicolon, which is typically used to connect closely related independent clauses. The phrase "from becoming damp and uncomfortable" is not an independent clause. Using a semicolon in this context is not appropriate for setting off additional information within the sentence.

Thus, the best choice to complete the sentence and adhere to the conventions of Standard English is Choice D.

QUESTION 58

Choice A "into" is the correct answer. The word "into" is sufficient to convey the idea without the need for additional punctuation.

QUESTION 59

Choice C "engineer Jane Kim" is the best answer. In this context, the title "software engineer" directly modifies "Jane Kim," and there's no need for commas to separate them. The subsequent information about her tackling the challenge of turning handwriting into digital text flows naturally without the need for additional punctuation.

Choice A is incorrect because the comma after "engineer" incorrectly separates the title from the name. Choice B has an unnecessary comma after "Kim" which disrupts the flow of the sentence. Choice D has an unnecessary comma after "engineer" and after "Kim," making the sentence structure awkward.

QUESTION 60

Choice B "themselves, such as" is the best answer. The phrase "such as" is used to introduce examples, and in this context, it's introducing the example of the "Mother of Thousands" succulent. The comma before "such as" provides a natural pause before the example is given.

Choice A is incorrect because the colon after "themselves" is unnecessary and disrupts the flow of the sentence. Choice C has an unnecessary comma after "such as" which makes the sentence structure awkward. Choice D uses an em dash, which is not the most appropriate punctuation mark in this context.

QUESTION 61

Choice A "However," is the correct answer. The word "however" introduces a contrast between the expectation of finding black pepper and the actual discovery of chili peppers.

QUESTION 62

Choice A "Presently," is the correct answer. The word "presently" provides a temporal transition from the historical awareness of the geoglyphs to the current use of modern imaging technology.

QUESTION 63

Choice D "Secondly," is the correct answer. The word "secondly" provides a logical continuation from the first point made by the historian, introducing another reason to support the claim.

QUESTION 64

Choice D is the best answer. It effectively summarizes the main objective of Dr. Sandra Kirby's study using relevant information from the notes, emphasizing the purpose of the study in relation to the policies on performance-enhancing drugs.

Choice A is incorrect because it merely states a fact about the availability of athlete policies online without emphasizing the main objective of Dr. Kirby's study. Choice B, while mentioning the study's objective, does not clearly state the focus on performance-enhancing drugs. Choice C is incorrect because it focuses on the results of the study rather than its main objective.

QUESTION 65

Choice B is the best answer. This choice directly highlights the publication dates of Murakami's two novels, which is the student's goal.

Choice A is incorrect because it emphasizes the setting and elements of magical realism in the novels rather than their publication dates. Choice C is incorrect because it contrasts the settings of the two novels without emphasizing their publication dates. Choice D is incorrect because it focuses on the shared element of magical realism in the novels rather than their publication dates.

QUESTION 66

Choice B is the best answer. This choice effectively highlights the role of scholars in the Library of Alexandria using relevant information from the notes, emphasizing their employment for translation purposes.

Choice A is incorrect because it provides a general statement about the library's collection without emphasizing the role of the scholars. Choice C is incorrect because it focuses on the preservation of notable works without emphasizing the role of the scholars. Choice D is incorrect because it emphasizes the library's use of Egyptian papyrus technology rather than the role of the scholars.